什么叫阅读理解？常用阅读理解答题方法和技巧看这里

• 2022-12-29 08:25:11 来源：民企网

什么叫阅读理解

阅读理解是指理解阅读对象的词句篇章、写作方法、思想内容、社会价值为目的的阅读。

阅读理解要求读者能够正确理解文章含义，分析段落、章节之间的联系和层次，概括文章大意和要点，评鉴作品的写作方法和语言特色。

阅读是一种主动的过程，是由阅读者根据不同的目的加以调节控制的,陶冶人们的情操，提升自我修养。阅读是一种理解，领悟，吸收，鉴赏，评价和探究文章的思维过程。阅读可以改变思想，从而可能改变命运。

常用阅读理解答题方法和技巧

在小升初、中考等语文考试中，阅读理解是除了作文之外分值最高的一个部分。如果说作文需要厚积薄发，需要一个过程才能把分数提上来，那么阅读理解就是一个提高分数的快速捷径。因为对于阅读理解题型的解答，只要掌握了做题的方法和技巧，就能把分数快速的提上来。

一、看分值答题法：

可以从试题的分值中推测答题的要点。如一道题给的分值是3分，答案可能就有3个要点，一个要点一分，所以从试题所给的分值中，我们就能推测答案的要点和要求的字数。

例如：陕西省中考题：目前一般有哪几种消暖雾的方法?文中提到的咱们陕西的消雾作业属于其中哪一种?(3分)

答案是：3种。“加热法”、“吸湿法”、“人工搅动混合法”。文中提到的属于第二种。

二、用原文答题法：

做题要牢牢地记住：“答案不在你的脑子里，答案只在原文中。”无论在任何情况下作答，既要体现个性和独特见解，又要较好地忠实于作者的主张。

1.尽量利用原文语句。注意摘取原文

离开了原材料恐怕谁也答不准，答不全。因此，准确解答阅读题最重要最有效的方法是在原文中找答案。大多数题目在文章里是能够抠出答案的。当然，找出的语句不一定能够直接使用，还必须根据题目要求进行加工，或摘取词语或压缩主干或抽取要点或重新组织。即使是归纳概括整段整篇文意也必须充分利用原文。这里，提供十六字诀的解题方法供你参考。

(1)字不离词。汉语中一词多义现象相当普遍。在理解词语中某个字的意思的时候，必须把它放到这个词语中去考察，即字不离词，这样才能准确的理解这个字的意思。如：

道听途说，道，指道路;志同道合，道，指道理

(2)词不离句。在综合阅读题中，常常要求理解词语在上下文中的含义和作用。这类要求有以下几方面情况：

一词多义。这在文言文中是常见的。如：策之不以其道，策，驱使;执策而临之，策，马鞭

在现代文中则多表现为语境义，这些，都应根据具体的语言环境即句子本身去推断它的意思，也就是词不离句。如：“见教”一词的本意是客套话，指教(我)的意思。它在不同的语言环境中则表现为不同的意义。在《范进中举》一文中，范进中举前面对胡屠户的“教导”，称“岳父见教的是”。

至于某个词在句中的表达作用，更要根据具体的语言环境去理解，而不能离开句子作单独解释。

(3)句不离段。也就是说，对句子的分析理解不能离开具体的语段，不能离开具体的语言环境。如果离开具体的语段，离开具体的语言环境，许多句子只能狭隘的理解甚至于不知所云。只有结合具体的语段和语言环境，才会知道这句话在全文中占着什么样的位置。

(4)段不离文。段落是文章的有机组成部分，体现了作者的写作思路。因此，对语段的阅读理解不能离开文章的主要意思，不能偏离文章的中心。否则，对语段内容或作用的理解就会发生偏差。

2.没有原文语句可利用时，要注意概括得全面、准确，不要漏掉答题点。

英语阅读理解解题技巧

初中英语阅读理解题不仅考查范围广，还更注重英语的实际运用能力，因此，要做好初中英语中的阅读理解题，就必须掌握一定的解题思路和技巧，下面为大家分享的这篇英语阅读理解题解题思路与技巧，从遇到的问题到解决方法再到典型例题都为我们做了详细的介绍。

做阅读理解题经常遇到的问题：1、如果你不足够耐心，遇到长文章会读不下去，找不到题眼，这样尽管你反复读来读去也是徒劳无获。2、 如果你不足够细心，你会错过关键词，这可能就是问题的线索或者是陷阱，这个题目废了时间也是，事倍功半。3、如果你没有做题技巧，做一道题看一遍文章，做一道题看一遍文章，这样大把的浪费时间，你会在别的难题上栽跟头，致使自己没有时间看别的题。

阅读理解题解题思路：1、先看题目，弄清主要考我们的是什么，弄清文章主旨。2、把题目的关键词画出来3、粗读文章画下关键词了解文章大意，弄清每段讲什么4、细读文章，认真做题5、千万不要钻牛角尖!6、一道题不要加我认为，我想，我猜。做题要找依据，要有理有据。

阅读理解主要考查以下几方面能力：1、理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。2、理解和把握文章具体信息来获取有关信息能力，及根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义、句意，进而加深对文章的理解能力。3、根据文章进行简单的数字推算和计算的能力。4、既要理解词、短语、句子和文章的表层意思，更要理解其深层含义和抽象概念的能力。

5、理解全篇的逻辑关系，根据已知信息进行合理的推理判断和预测新信息的能力。

阅读理解题解题技巧：1、顺序法：先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此 方法适合内容较易于理解和记忆飞文章。2、颠倒法：先读试题再读文章，这样我们可以带着问题有的放矢的阅读文章并迅速发现答案。3、交叉法：先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可再次回读文章的有关内容并对其进行分析、推敲后再确定。4、排除法：对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定最佳答案。5、要尊重原材料中的信息、观点，并在此基础上答题;不要凭想当然、主观臆断答题，不要钻牛角尖。6、在做任务型阅读回答问题时，要尽量简略回答，无关信息尽量删除。特殊疑问句的回答基本是直接信息，在原文中能直接找到答案。典型例题剖析：My parents taught me not to waste food. My mom always found ways to make leftovers (剩余食物) taste good. I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods. As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area. I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone. People learned to cook and eat almost everything. They had to think of ways to make special dishes. One of these dishes is kao zha. It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat. That might not sound very good, but it does taste good. Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets (宴会).Another famous dish is called zao bing. It’s made with fruit, meat and other things. I really liked it! But I didn’t want to eat too much. It has a lot of fat in it.I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan area─duck meat. The duck meat is put in a big oven (炉子) to cook it. Smoke keeps the meat fresh. I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious! It tasted sweet.Ilan is a great place with delicious food. I hope I can come back again!1. The writer learns from her parents __________.　　A. not to eat leftovers　　B. to eat good food　　C. not to waste food　　D. to make good food　　2. She finds that people in Ilan __________.　　A. always waste food　　B. don’t use leftovers　　C. don’t have enough food　　D. can cook special food　　3. Kao zha is a good dish that is made with __________.　　A. fruit, meat and other things　　B. fresh and sweet duck meat　　C. some different leftovers　　D. meat, soup and fruit　　4. There are __________ kinds of special foods mentioned in the passage.　　A. Two　　B. three　　C. four　　D. five　　5. From the passage, we know that __________.　　A. there was not enough food in Ilan long ago　　B. leftovers can’t be used to cook delicious food　　C. zao bing is a famous dish without any fat in it　　D. the writer is interested in very big banquets

解析：　　1、C 这是一道细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“My parents taught me not to waste food.”可得出答案。　　2、D 细节理解题。根据二、三、四段可得出答案。A与事实不符;B项与第二段意思相悖;C项指现在，但文中说的是过去。　　3、C 根据第二段第四、五句可得出答案。　　4、B 细节理解题。三种食物是kao zha、zao bing、duck meat。　　5、A 推理判断提。根据第二段第一句可得出答案。

导读：对于高考英语阅读理解，很多同学疑惑有没有好的解题技巧，长沙新东方高考频道在这里给大家总结几条：一是速读全文，了解大意知主题，二是看题干，带着问题读文章，三是逻辑推理，做好深层理解题，四是猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。不管怎样，想要提高阅读理解分数，需要多练，多总结。今日份的阅读理解题来了，一起来练一练吧。

FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.

Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.

Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.

Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.

Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.

Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.

Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.

1. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?

A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.

C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.

2. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________.

A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people

C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools

3. What do we know about Cojochru?

A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.

B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.

C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.

D. She wishes to go back to her home country.

答案

1. A 2. B 3. C

关键词: 常用阅读理解答题方法和技巧 什么叫阅读理解 英语阅读理解解题技巧 历年高考英语阅读理解试题及答案